abstract：:Bipolar disorder is a seriously debilitating psychiatric disorder that greatly affects patients and their loved ones. Although bipolar disorder is one of the most frequently occurring mental disorders worldwide, many patients, particularly those with mixed mania, remain misdiagnosed. Compared to pure mania, mixed epis...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Zajecka JM

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) varies not only across patients but over the course of the disorder. This diversity indicates that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder, which may have an important impact on psychopathological, longitudinal, genetic, and treatment research. To better underst...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： de Mathis MA,Diniz JB,do Rosário MC,Torres AR,Hoexter M,Hasler G,Miguel EC

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Psychogenic disorders, also referred to as somatoform, conversion, somatization, hysteria, and medically unexplained symptoms, are among the most challenging disorders to diagnose and treat. Psychogenic movement disorders are increasingly encountered in specialized clinics, and represent approximately 15% ...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Jankovic J,Vuong KD,Thomas M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escitalopram is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) most recently approved for use in the United States. It is structurally related to citalopram, but is felt to have a more tolerable side-effect profile than its parent compound. Side effects are not generally serious and include headache, diarrhea, and ...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Nirmalani A,Stock SL,Catalano G

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Schizophrenia is characterized by diminished insight, which fluctuates with disease progression. Insight deterioration in the prodrome of schizophrenia is poorly understood. Despite pharmacologic treatment, including early interventions, there is a high risk of relapse and need of acute care in schizophren...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Bota RG,Munro JS,Ricci WF,Bota DA

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case of pure mutism without pseudobulbar palsy and other neurological findings resulting from simultaneous bilateral lenticulostriate artery territory infarction is presented. A 45-year-old woman suffered a transient ischemic attack with nonfluent aphasia and right hemiparesis. Six months later, she developed pure m...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Evyapan Akkus D

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may develop as a result of an acute, life-threatening traumatic event. Such acute events are quite common in patients with cardiovascular illnesses (ie, a myocardial infarction, acute exacerbations of heart failure or edema). Indeed, PTSD symptoms have been described in a ...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Cotter G,Milo-Cotter O,Rubinstein D,Shemesh E

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examined factors influencing the prognosis of patients with different prodromal manifestations of schizophrenia and the association of diagnosis and antipsychotic treatment with the frequency of future acute inpatient care. METHODS:Data was collected from the medical records of 24 patients initial...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Bota RG,Sagduyu K,Munro JS

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many neuropsychiatric diseases present with concomitant dermatologic manifestations. These manifestations may help the clinician formulate a correct diagnosis when it is otherwise unclear. In this article, we present six cases with clinical photographs of associated skin findings discussed from a neuropsychiatrist's p...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Chemali ZN,Touma DJ

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common, chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment can occur. This disorder typically appears during the mid-adolescent years and is unremitting throughout life if not properly treated. SAD presents as tw...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Liebowitz MR,Ninan PT,Schneier FR,Blanco C

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropathic pain is responsible for a significant amount of the morbidity associated with generalized and focal peripheral neuropathies. It is a consequence of alterations in neuronal function, chemistry, and structure that occur secondary to nerve injury. These manifestations of neuronal plasticity occur in the perip...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Freeman R

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The study of environment-gene interactions during neurodevelopment may facilitate our understanding of the origins of psychiatric disorders. Environmental contribution to the neurobiology of psychopathology is perhaps most relevant during infancy, where vulnerability to early-life stressors is particularly e...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Coplan JD,Altemus M,Mathew SJ,Smith EL,Sharf B,Coplan PM,Kral JG,Gorman JM,Owens MJ,Nemeroff CB,Rosenblum LA

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data regarding the increased incidence of psychiatric illness during midlife in women are still conflicting. However, there is a growing consensus that certain groups of women may in fact be at higher risk for mood symptoms and psychiatric disorders during the perimenopausal transition. Mood symptoms during the perime...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Feld J,Halbreich U,Karkun S

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal models are invaluable in preclinical research on human psychopathology. Valid animal models to study the pathophysiology of depression and specific biological and behavioral responses to antidepressant drug treatments are of prime interest. In order to improve our knowledge of the causal mechanisms of stress-re...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Fuchs E

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) entails intervening in the aftermath of a traumatic event to forestall the development of PTSD. There has been little psychopharmacologic research in this area. This is surprising, given that PTSD is the mental disorder with the most clearly identified cause...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Pitman RK,Delahanty DL

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals with mental illness and addiction comprise at least half of the patients in most mental health treatment systems. This combination results in increased risk for frequent psychiatric relapses, poor medication compliance, violence, suicide, legal problems, and high utilization of the emergency room or inpati...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Ziedonis DM

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A growing body of evidence documents the value of structured psychotherapeutic interventions for the co-management of bipolar disorder in the context of ongoing medication treatment. This article reviews the rationale, elements, and outcomes for those psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder that have been examine...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Otto MW,Miklowitz DJ

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last 25 years, there has been a rapid expansion of our knowledge base of social phobia (SP). Although there are a number of well-validated treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, significant gaps remain in our ability to achieve full remission in most patients. Despit...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Van Ameringen M,Mancini C,Pipe B,Bennett M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In treating schizophrenia there has been a shift in focus, with more attention being paid to early intervention based on the notion that effective treatment at this point can improve outcome. Most of this work has centred on pharmacotherapeutic interventions during the first psychotic break. More recently, attention h...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Remington G,Shammi C

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eating disorders have been viewed as psychiatric illnesses that are strongly influenced by societal pressures towards thinness and attractiveness. Although the environmental context of these disorders must not be neglected, recent research in the area of genetic epidemiology suggests a substantial influence of genetic...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Bulik CM,Tozzi F

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new treatment with promise for resistant depression. OBJECTIVE:We tested the economic feasibility of this new method compared with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHOD:An economic decision analysis was used to compare the costs of three different ...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Kozel FA,George MS,Simpson KN

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate comparisons of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Eastern and Western cultures are difficult and limited by methodological problems. Nevertheless, using standardized diagnostic and evaluation techniques, recent surveys have suggested that depression and anxiety disorders exist in all countries and...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Radford MH

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depersonalization disorder is a poorly understood and treatment-resistant condition. This report describes a patient with depersonalization disorder who underwent six sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation produc...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Jiménez-Genchi AM

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroimaging studies with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of human emotion. Taken separately, specific studies vary in task dimensions and in type(s) of emotion studied, and are limited by statistical power and sensitivity. By ex...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Phan KL,Wager TD,Taylor SF,Liberzon I

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women's mental health during pregnancy has important implications not only for the well-being of the mother, but also for the development, health, and well-being of her unborn child. A growing body of empirical evidence from population-based studies suggests that two indicators of women's mental health during pregnanc...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Federenko IS,Wadhwa PD

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is estimated that only a small proportion of patients with surgically remediable intractable epilepsy receive surgical treatment. There are multiple reasons why this is the case. Patients with intractable epilepsy are sometimes severely disabled and disability can create barriers to getting recommended care. Patien...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Swarztrauber K

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increased recognition that bipolar disorder has an early age of onset. The prevalence of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children has not been determined, however the prevalence in adolescence is approximately 1%. Bipolar disorder in children poses a diagnostic challenge since the symptoms may differ from tho...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Wolf DV,Wagner KD

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of patients with unexplained medical symptoms is difficult because there is neither a clear etiology for the symptoms, nor a useful paradigm with which to understand and treat them. Patients with such symptoms are often referred to psychiatry with vague diagnoses of "somatization" or "hypochondriasis." R...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Ballas CA,Staab JP

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Personality traits have been hypothesized to involve specific neurotransmitter systems. In order to test this model, the relationship between the responses to serotonergic and noradrenergic probes, central cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of monoamine neurotransmitters and the Tridimensional Personality Qu...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Mitropoulou V,Trestman RL,New AS,Flory JD,Silverman JM,Siever LJ

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What biological responses characterize those acute trauma reactions that develop into chronic psychiatric disorder? The need to understand the genesis of posttraumatic psychological disorders has resulted in much attention on biological reactions in the initial aftermath of trauma exposure. This review outlines the pr...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Bryant RA

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) modulates numerous processes in the central nervous system that are relevant to neuropsychiatric function and dysfunction. It exerts significant effects on anxiety, mood, impulsivity, sleep, ingestive behavior, reward systems, and psychosis. Serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in several psyc...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Gingrich JA,Ansorge MS,Merker R,Weisstaub N,Zhou M

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain stimulation methods in the treatment of affective disorder are electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Clinically, ECT is considered the strongest remedy in the treatment of severe depression, especially depression...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Bolwig TG

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Are brief cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also effective for the wider range of symptoms conceptualized as complex PTSD? Female rape victims, most of whom had extensive histories of trauma, were randomly assigned to cognitive-processing therapy, prolonged exposure, or a delayed...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Resick PA,Nishith P,Griffin MG

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulants are a highly efficacious and safe treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with 75% to 90% of patients responding well if two different stimulants (amphetamine and methylphenidate) are used. Nonetheless, a subset of ADHD patients will either fail to respond to stimulants or have side e...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Pliszka SR

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is the effect of melatonin on jet lag syndrome? Jet lag desynchronizes the internal sleep-wakefulness cycle with the environmental light/dark cycle. Advance (but not delay) of light onset is known to abolish pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and urine excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Measurements of pineal s...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Oxenkrug GF,Requintina PJ

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How can neuropsychiatric disorders and syndromes be underdiagnosed and inadequately treated in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus? Depression in particular is among the most prevalent diagnoses and there is a solid foundation of data from controlled clinical studies that has begun to examine the ef...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Repetto MJ,Evans DL,Cruess DG,Gettes DR,Douglas SD,Petitto JM

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of late-life depression is common, especially in primary care settings. To help assess whether physicians attitude and confidence in diagnosing and managing depression serve as barriers to care, a total of 176 physicians employed in 18 primary care groups were administered surveys to...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Harman JS,Brown EL,Have TT,Mulsant BH,Brown G,Bruce ML

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comorbidity of trichotillomania with different psychiatric disorders is common. However, until recently there have been no reports of trichotillomania in schizophrenia patients. In this article, the case of a female schizophrenia patient with trichotillomania is reported. Her schizophrenia was being treated with rispe...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Kahkonen S

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What role do medications play in the overall treatment of autistic spectrum disorders? In this review, the decision-making process involving identifying symptoms, initiating a pharmacological intervention, and monitoring that process is discussed. A review of the literature with an emphasis on controlled trials in aut...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Owley T

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chart review examined the effects of effort on neuropsychological assessment and test performance patterns among genuine and exaggerating patients, with and without neurological findings, as aids to diagnosing symptom exaggeration. The sample consisted of 561 consecutive patients involved in compensation claims. ...

journal_title：CNS spectrums

authors： Rohling ML,Allen LM,Green P

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00